Introduction Fasam System

Requirements Document Purpose Introduction The primary goal of this document is to provide a complete and accurate list of requirements for a Fire and Security Alarm Monitoring System. Upon completion, the document will act as a binding contract between developers and users and will provide a common point of reference for system Document Conventions Although this document is intended as a set of Requirements, not a design, some technical information has been included with the requirements description. Intended AudienceThe primary audience of this document includes, but is not limited to, project leaders, the designers and developers of the system and the end user. (Reference 1) Background Team International is primarily a software developing company specialising in fire and security alarm monitoring system (‘FASAM’). Team International has been awarded the contract to supply and implement a FASAM for Everett & Co. The building in question is a new building, so there is n o previous FASAM system installed. The building in question consists of 2 floors, each floor consisting of 12 ffices. The building will be grouped in ZONES. Zones will consist of x-amount of offices. Below is an example of this. Keep in mind that this is not the actual zone layout representation but just an example to illustrate how the zones will work. [pic] Each zone shall be equipped with various sensors which will monitor for and detect certain threats. Each zone shall have security / fire doors installed which the FASAM will have control over in regards to locking and unlocking depending on the threat.Team International has decided, after gathering the requirements, that an automated system with a manual over-ride option, which will be connected to a central control room, will best suit the needs of Everett & Co. Product Scope Processes involved in the project scope The development of this system will include the gathering of the requirements, outline the architecture design us ing CORE modelling, creating a prototype based upon the proposed user interface and the requirements validation which will all help to contribute to the initial development of a FASAM for Everett & Co.Gathering of the requirements: The input for this shall come from interviews with the client. The knowledge gained from the input will help create the Requirements document. Outline the architecture: The input for this shall come from the requirements document. The knowledge gained from the document will contribute to help producing systems architecture and a systems model. Creating a prototype: The input for this shall come from the requirements document.The outcome of this will be a working prototype of the system. Requirements validation: The input for this section comes from the three previously mentioned stages. The outcome will be a produced validation document highlighting the pros and cons of each stage. Limits and constraints of the project scope Obviously with Team Internatio nal being primarily a software producing company, there is a lack of knowledge in regards to certain hardware elements.That is why this project will not cover the configuration of sensors due to the fact that when Team International purchases the sensors from the supplier, the suppliers implement the required configuration settings for the sensors. In regards to the sensors, all Team International does is install the sensors and connect them to the main user interface system. This process shall only cover the developing of a fire and security threat system.

The Assault – Memory

Memory is defined as â€Å"The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of previous thoughts, impressions, or events. † Memories are units of information that have impacted one’s life and are stored in the brain for years. In some cases, dramatic events may not let the brain register every single detail about a situation. This is much like Anton’s case of the winter of 1945 of the novel The Assault by Harry Mulisch. The events of that winter affected him like no other would. The loss of his mother, father and brother and the burning of his house left an impact on him but the events were so grave his brain did not allow him to remember the smaller details. As he meets important people from his past, he begins to remember the smaller things he has experienced. Throughout the whole novel memories begin to slowly flow back to Anton. Every person he meets allows his memories to develop. First, he sees his former neighbours, the Beumers’, who not only jog his memory but allow him to learn new things about that night. Although the memories should have been vivid in his mind, Anton had forgotten some of the events of that night. Simply seeing the Beumers’, and being in their presence helped jog his memories. They had him over for supper while he was in the neighbourhood for a friends’ birthday. It had been evident that Mrs. Beumer’s memories were certainly more vivid than Anton’s. Next had been his meeting with Fake Ploeg junior, the son of the Nazi who had been killed that terrible night. Ploeg had not been over his father’s death, He and Anton both had arguments defending their fathers, and why that night may have happened. This allowed Anton to open his mind to new ideas, and question his theories as if they had not been thought out correctly. Another happens later when Anton meets Takes, a friend of his father-in-law’s. In the first episode Anton is thrown in a cell with an older woman whom he cannot identify. He has an emotional conversation with her about what had happened the night of Ploeg’s death and became extremely friendly with the woman. She becomes some sort of a mother figure to Anton. Although Anton felt as if he could remember every word, every feeling and every scent that night in the cell, he drew a blank. Takes explains that the woman in the cell with him was one of Ploeg’s killers. This was one of those important moments in your life that is so grave you can’t allow yourself to remember. It may have been due to the fact that Anton didn’t remember, or didn’t want to remember the details that remind him of the death of his family members. After he meets Takes he meets Karen Kortweg one of the more important characters in the plot. The Kortweg’s were the ones who took Fake Ploeg’s body and dragged it in front of Anton’s family’s house, the Steenwijk residence. When meeting Karen, she finally explains the reasoning behind why she left the body in front of the Steenwijk’s house and not any of the other two neighbour’s houses. Once she goes into detail about the families and her and her father’s reasoning’s Anton begins to understand and remember the neighbourhood he grew up in and the events of that night. It is amazing how memories can be jogged by a single person, object, sound or scent. The people Anton has met and the places he revisits allow him to remember the events of his torturous past, which permit him to determine his future. Without memories people would not be able to be happy and reminisce on all the great moments in their lives. They wouldn’t be able to learn from their mistakes to better their future. With all these memory lapses Anton was having, he was stuck. There was nothing to learn from, no pain harboured inside of him, and all the happy moments he shared with his family were gone. Once he began to remember certain events his mind had been open to new and old feelings. Ones he hadn’t felt since he was twelve years old living peacefully in Holland with his family. He also began to create a direction for himself. The only question he was left with was who was guilty and who had been innocent? In the end memories are extremely important. They help form a person and guide them through life. As well as learn from their mistakes and prepare them for the future. Memories are like a dream you can’t remember. Once it’s over, you forget completely. But that one feeling, smell or sound lets it all come back to you and you are finally able to allow yourself to experience the state of euphoria we call remembering.

The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison

The literary piece â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† written by Toni Morrison and published in circa 1970, has centered on the story of an eleven-year-old female character, Pecola Breedlove (Foerstel, 2002). The central theme that has been apparent in the story is the desire of Pecola to have white skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes. Not only does she want a set of blue eyes but she actually wants the bluest shade of blue that there is.Her desires for this kind of physical appearance stems from her idea that those who are given these physical features are given or are receiving a certain kind of privilege from the society because of the stigma associated with it. Chloe Anthony Wofford, more popularly known as Toni Morrison, is the second of four Black children who belonged to a family who worked their way to living (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). She was born in 1931 in Ohio and proceeded to earn her degree in prestigious universities, more specifically Howard and Cornell U niversity (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993).She has earned her positions in credible institution both in the academic ladder and in writing (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). Later on, she made an impact through the novels she made that showed the plight of the Black Americans that contained narratives of different characters’ lives (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993). With the novels she made, she has earned several awards and recognition from different award-giving bodies in the field of literature that even included the Pulitzer Prize for the year 1988 (â€Å"Toni Morrison: Biography,† 1993).Summary of the Novel In Morrison’s novel, â€Å"The Bluest Eye,† Pecola has shown to be a girl who is born to parents who lived difficult lives in their past. Pecola’s mother, Pauline, has lived in isolation, often beaten up by his husband who she often provokes to do such, and only feels worth at work where she is made t o clean the house of a White woman. On the other hand, Pecola’s father, Cholly, is a drunkard whose current state of misery is blamed to his parents abandoning him when he was still a child.He is made to live with his great aunt and an experience he could not forget is the incident where he felt humiliated when to White men caught him cohabiting and sexually exploited him. Soon, he found where his father is but the latter refused to take him in his life and later on met Pauline. They built a life together but soon, love is lost between them and they have both lost everything they had. Pecola came to their lives but she has also received failures from the personal angst of her parents.She has adopted the desires of being White from her mother as they both think that it is their only way to draw acceptance from the society they live in. It has served as an important part of their lives to desire for the physical features of a White individual because it somehow gives them hopes of being in a better condition than what they have now. However, it gives them frustrations, too, as society continuously rejects them and presses on their being Black as the very reason why they are treated badly. As for the miseries of Cholly, he ends up raping Pecola out of both guilt and emotional feelings for his child.Pecola becomes pregnant but the baby dies and her father decides to rape her for the second time. After this, she becomes lunatic which is the time when she thought that she had the bluest eye there is. Approach to the Novel The novel, during the time of its publication, has taken a different course from the usual ones taken by the Black women writers, who, in their literary works, meant to â€Å"destroy negative stereotypes of Black women, to present the relationship between Black men and women as ‘complimentary,’ and to affirm the Black family and community† (Dubey, 1994, p.33). It has been exceptionally regarded as a literary piece that ha s laid before its audience the problems within the selves of the Black community that requires attention in order for them to proceed into accepting that they are a race equally superior and equally beautiful as the White (Dubey, 1994). While they condemn the disparities between the White and the Blacks, within them are the desires to be among the White people.Their condemnations arise from the issues they have with regard to their acceptance in a society dominated by the White people and they see that assimilation to this particular culture is the means through which they could fight it but is actually not. As shown in the novel of Morrison, it is best to realize the psychological and social impacts of the desires to be White in order to fully acquire an identity for the Black community (Dubey, 1994).Moreover, it should be understood that the work of Morrison requires an understanding of the history of the Black community as they tried to establish a place for their selves in the s ociety where they live in. There is a common factor which should be targeted, which is the presence of direct and indirect discrimination against the Black community. Through time, it has become apparent that there is really a big difference with how White and Black individuals are treated. Moreover, the source for the discrimination felt by the Blacks should be understood in order to understand the novel.This is because the source of the Black characters in the story stems from a real-life dilemma that is not explicitly stated in the text. There is a need to unravel the true cause for the behavior of the characters in order to understand the way they feel and the way they are in terms of their relationship with society. Traditional beliefs, Practices, and Artistic Forms â€Å"The Bluest Eye† also contains elements of traditional beliefs, practices, and artistic forms in the later life of Pecola.When she became pregnant, Claudia and Frieda McTeer, children of the couples whom Pecola lived with, used their money in order to buy marigold seeds. They believed that if this would bear flowers, then the baby of Pecola would live, which is what they wanted despite the opposite stance of the people in their community. The money they used in order to buy the seeds is originally meant for the bicycle they wanted to buy for themselves but because of the importance and great belief they put on this practice, they prioritized the seeds instead of the bike.Their belief on this particular practice is further reinforced as the plant does not bloom and the baby of Pecola dies, which they could correlate because of the incident. Moreover, it has shown that the artistic manner of communication by the Blacks has been adopted by Morrison. The author wants to present the â€Å"aural literature† as she deliberately formed the sentences in such a way that a Black individual will be heard conversing to the audience and to other characters.To a certain extent, it pushes t he approach away from the typical written language but delves more into the spoken language (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). While there are critics who mentioned that â€Å"her prose is rich,† she claims that it is an inherent quality of the Black language (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). She treats the manner of speaking observed from the Black people to be a distinct and different set of language that forms a body of its own as modifications and creations have evolved to how they use this language now.Moreover, it is said that the novel and other literary pieces written in the same manner has replaced the role of music played by the Blacks before (â€Å"Toni Morrison,† 2009). However, replacement may not be the term intended for this but rather, they simply shared the same portion and works towards the same goals, because of the same purpose, but uses different means. Preserving the Black Language With the manner by which the author structured the words and the sentences, the Black language has become apparent throughout the text.The rich and poetic form that is embodied in the language of the Blacks is an element that the author wants to retain. This lies beneath the psychological and social themes of incest, racial discrimination, and desires to be White. It tries to preserve the approach of this language developed within this race through the experiences of the characters and the conversations included in the story. It has been mentioned earlier that the different forms of Black music has shared a role with the literary pieces in keeping the culture alive for the Black community.With the onset of popular culture and the desires for assimilation, it is important that the unique characteristics and the distinct nature of the Black culture be preserved together with their history and unique experiences. Adopting other Cultures and Traditions As the author means to direct the entire story towards the Black community, most of the culture s and traditions that have been presented come from that of the Blacks. However, it still relates the Black culture into the White because of the interaction between the two that served as the important aspect of the paper.The only element that is taken from the White culture is the seemingly distorted and limited view of beauty, which requires them to see it within a white-skinned, blonde, and blue-eyed individual. Better treatment and the regard for superiority of people fitting this description has been ingrained into the lives of the Black characters as it is adopted from the White culture. This is seen to be the condition of the people during the time of the narrator’s existence but is constantly changing as we now see it. References Dubey, M. (1994).Black women novelists and the nationalist aesthetic. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press. Foerstel, H. (2002). Banned in the USA: A reference guide to book censorship in schools and public libraries. (2nd Ed. ). Westp ort, CT: Greenwood Publishing. Toni Morrison: Biography. (1993). Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1993/morrison-bio. html. Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye. † Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://academic. brooklyn. cuny. edu/english/melani/cs6/morrison. html#black.

Fordism and Post-Fordism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fordism and Post-Fordism - Research Paper Example This paper represents a historical shift from the Fordist methods in business to the post-Fordist methods and beyond. This paper will attempt to analyze the role played by management accounting in this historical shift by looking into both Fordism and post-Fordism while trying to realize how changing business requirements have been addressed by management accounting over time. 2. Fordism refers to an economic and social system that bases itself exclusively on the ideas of Henry Ford’s model of mass production. The use of Fordism is not restricted to the economic domain alone but instead, it has been applied to social as well as socio-economic systems too (Thompson, 2005). The essential side of Fordism relies on the fact that goods are produced cheaply in such a fashion that the people producing those goods are able to consume them. This facet of Fordism has made it popular in some Marxist circles as well. However, it has to be realized that the economic and social circumstance s that favored Fordism are now effectively over leading to a shift in Fordism. Some commentators call this shift post-Fordism though others disagree and contend that Fordism has been under constant evolution instead. De Grazia (2005) has defined Fordism as "the eponymous manufacturing system designed to spew out standardized, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them". In contrast to Grazia’s view, other commentators have described Fordism as an economic model for economic expansion that relies on mass production in order to create large volumes of standardized products using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987). When these views are put in perspective of the manufacturing carried out by Henry Ford’s automobile plant at the turn of the twentieth century it becomes clear that both definitions are incomplete and tend to complement each other to produce a working definition. Hence, Fordism (for the purpose of this paper) is an economic process that allows the creation of standardized goods using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment such that the workers themselves are able to afford these goods. It must be realized at this point that Marxism, socialism and allied ideologies are distinct to Fordism in that Fordism still relies on a free market economy in order to thrive. The Marxist and socialist doctrines require that the control of businesses be relinquished to the government while there are no such stipulations in Fordism. Fordism has tended to rely on three major operating principles through its initial use at Henry Ford’s automobile manufacturing plant and then for its use in social and economic pathways. The fundamental operating principles are (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987): all products are standardized so that handmade craftsmanship is not required and is instead production is dealt with by machines; manufacturing relies on the utilization of spec ialized tools and equipment to make assembly lines a reality. This indicates that low level and unskilled workers are able to operate sophisticated manufacturing equipment in order to man assembly lines. Moreover, the nature of tasks performed on the assembly lines are monotonous and require little creative thinking; the workers working on these assembly lines are paid wages that are sufficient for them to purchase the things they produce.  

The relevance that the study of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet has to Assignment

The relevance that the study of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet has to the modern world - Assignment Example Social power means the differences among important families, tribes, and gangs and how it interferes or helps with the social order. Family order involves the differences between the family's beliefs, religion and culture and how these beliefs affect Society. These themes are addressed in the play. Examples will be quoted and shown how they play a part in the modern world. Â   Â   Whether it be 2 families or two tribes or a group of people, hatred exists because of a various of reasons. Shakespeare never gives an explanation of why the Capulet and Montague hate . In the Prologue, the families, their servants and friends start in a street fight, "from ancient grudge break new mutiny" (p.31). In Act 1 scene 1 the servants don't even know why they are fighting. The insulting image of showing the thumb is inviting one to a fight. Sampson "I will show myself a tyrant: when I have fought with the men I will be civil with the maids and cut off their heads"(line25-26,Act1.1,p.32) Shakespea re's point is to show that old grudges are often without reason. They are the start of problems in ethnic tribal wars, religious wars and in border conflicts. The initial reason is often forgotten or based on unimportant fact. Act1 Scene1, the opening scene shows how the two families hate each other. Everyone gets involve including Lord Capulet and Montague. No one gets hurt. There are a lot of bad feelings and insults of women and families as already mentioned. Benvolio is a peacemaker. Tybalt hates the word peace "What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word". (line 15, Act1.1, p 34) Act3 Scene1 It was hot and miserable outside. Mercutio was hot headed (mercury). He picked a fight with the Capulet, Tybalt who hated peace. "Come sir, your passado" (Act3.1,p 82). "Hold Tybalt, good Mercutio". Tybalt went and stabbed Mercutio. Romeo: "Mercutio slain away to heaven...Either thou or I, or both, must go with him."(Actt3.1,p84) Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo: O I am fortune's fool.(p 84) P rince: "And for that offence , immediatly we do exile him hence". (p86) Romeo was exiled from Verona which is the same thing as being dead. Both these scenes represent two stages in the theory of hate: going from verbal abuse to passing to violence. We can learn from Shakespeare that the stages of hate are universal. Romeo's compulsive behaviour is also the way gangs behave. Â   When the Prince arrives in ActIII Scene1 to break up the fight, he is doing it to resolve an immediate problem of keeping peace and order. In modern day police, law and order is used for non violent fights and crimes. Hate crime, gang fighting and council violence have become a science which is studied so it can be identified at the beginning before the violent crime is performed. Nurse: "Tybalt is gone and Romeo banished, Romeo that kill'd him, he is banished (Act3.2 p89) Romeo:Â   ".....What love can do, that dares love attempt?.....".(Act2.2,p61)" Romeo and Juliet's feelings and emotions are universal f or two people in love. As they were young and inexperienced, their passion was strong . Juliet was ashamed that she showed too much of her true self and her feelings to Romeo. "Thou knowest the mask of night is on my face; else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek." (Act2.2,p61) The rebellion of wanting to get married the next day would be translated as going out without a parent's permission or the first sexual encounter. The first love is strong and without limits. Throughout history, it was common to gain social status by choosing the right spouse for their child. Love was of little or no value. Marriage were often by child brides . Lady Capulet: "How stands your disposition to be married? It is an honour that I dream not of". (Act1.3,p45) She was only 12 or 14

Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Knowledge management - Essay Example Most huge profit seeking companies and non-profit companies have dedicated their resources to efforts towards managing internal Knowledge as a business strategy. However, they usually seek consultancy services from companies specialized in providing knowledge management services. This companies focus on knowledge management and sharing as a business strategy in an effort towards achieving competitive advantage, high performance, continuous improvement, and innovation in the organization (Rollett 6). Knowledge management encompasses a number of perspectives such as techno centric, ecological, and organizational perspectives. Techno centric perspective focuses on technological practices that enhance creation and sharing of knowledge while organizational perspective focuses on organization structure that facilitates best knowledge processes. On the other hand, ecological perspectives focus on complex adaptive system through interaction of knowledge, people, and the environment with rega rds to the ecosystem. In general, terms, the core components of Knowledge management are the technological aspects, people, organization structure, and processes. Knowledge Management Dimensions Varying dimensions of Knowledge can be distinguished by different frameworks with regards to tacit and explicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is the kind of knowledge that people hold in their minds consciously in a form where the individual can decide to communicate the knowledge to others. On the other hand, tacit knowledge is the knowledge that is internalized in an individual mind and the person holding the knowledge is not consciously aware about the application and sharing of the knowledge. Basically, the contextual perspective of knowledge refers to conditions where knowledge can be stored easily since it can be codified while on the other hand, knowledge aspects recognizes perspectives where knowledge sharing poses a difficulty and even an impossibility outside the particular site wh ere it was initially develop. However, there are possibilities of successfully converting tacit knowledge that is internalized into explicit knowledge that will enable easy sharing of the knowledge. The conversion processes needs to enable individuals to internalize the knowledge and come up with codified knowledge that is meaningful to third parties accessing the information. Conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge entails simplification of the complex knowledge and thus beats the logic of its complexity particularly in case of oversimplification. More to the tacit and explicit knowledge framework is the embedded verses embodied knowledge differentiation framework and new verses established knowledge framework. Embedded knowledge concerns knowledge embedded in an information system designed outside a human mind individual while embodied knowledge is kind of knowledge established in the human mind of an individual with learned capabilities in the endocrine and nervous system (Gottschalk 13). On the other hand, distinction framework exists between new knowledge exploratory creation and innovation verses the exploitation and transfer of knowledge that is already established in an

Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other Sexual Offenses Essay

Sexual Assault of Children and Youth and Other Sexual Offenses - Essay Example Sexual assault is not common only in women. Today, wives, children, grandmothers, mothers, and even boys and men face sexual assault. The belief is that co-workers, classmates, neighbors, or a stranger would commit a sexual assault, but it is also possible that a family member or friend, or relative to sexually assault someone. "Sexual assault of children is a crime that our society abhors in the abstract, but tolerates in reality" (Burgess and Groth 15). Incest is one of the forms of sexual assault of children. Incest is when there is sexual activity between close relatives, which is illegal or taboo in the society. Sexual abuse of children can include trickery, sexual contact by force, bribery where there is a difference in age, power, size, or knowledge. Sexual abuse in a particular child could be once or multiple incident over a long period of time. It is found that abuse is usually committed by a person who knows the child. The abuse committed on a child can increase over time, especially if the abuser is a part of the family or a close relative. Prostitution, exhibitionism, and pornography are some ways in which children are abused other than the sexual assaults mentioned above. When people think of a child molester, they imagine an ugly old man taking children away by giving them some candy. No one pictures their neighbor, mom, dad, or uncle. This misconception has been dismissed. A child molester can come from all walks of life and all social and economic groups. They can be rich, poor, male, female, religious or non-religious, from any race or culture. Children can be molested by strangers or people they don't know and by people they know, like friends, relatives, or caregivers. Though majority of the people found guilty of sexual offence to children are men, women also molest children. Child molesters can be divided into two groups based on their behavioral patterns. A small percentage of child molesters who have a life long attraction to children, these people do not get attracted to adults. Majority of child molesters have adult partners and do not have an exclusive attraction towards children, also, they do not molest children multiple times. Sometim es an adult molests a child of the same sex, however, they need not be homosexual. Though it is believed that child molestation occurs when children are picked up from the street and molested forcibly, in the majority of child molestation cases, adults seduce children through delicate persuasion and intimidation and are usually known to the child. Child molesters who do not know their victims use methods like force, tricks, or bribery, or pretend to be friendly, to attract their victim. A child molester has many different characteristics. The child molester is usually married, prefers the company of children than adults, are often homosexuals and sometime bisexuals as well, they often wish to work for programs involving children, feel the want to have an emotional relationship with children, sometimes collect photographs of their victims and also collect child-adult pornography and child erotica, may be alcoholic, or a drug addict, may offer to take children out for walks or picnics, and many more such traits are examples of characteristics of child molesters. There are various definitions of the term pedophilia or paedophillia found in law enforcement, the

Word for word hearing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Word for word hearing - Essay Example t terminals for nearly a year until a partial agreement was reached in April, and in Iraq, we’ve only recently begun to see that country tap the potential of it proven oil reserves which is the source of 90% of its budget but now that Iraq’s second largest city, Mosel, fell this week to Al-Qaeda affiliated Islamic state of Iraq, _ ISIL and the increase deterioration of the security situation in that country, there’s no telling what the future has in store for its energy sector. But that just highlights the problem; most of those countries relay heavily on the sale of oil or gas as their main driver for their economies and anything upsets the delicate balance can be extremely detrimental to their economic outlook and has the potential upend the global energy market. Then of course we have the recent discovery of large oil, natural gas sorry off the coast of Israel. This has huge implications for our friend and democratically the Jewish state of Israel because seemingly overnight, Israel has gone from energy dependent on some unreliable partners to now to now commanding a large sum of natural gas that can transform its relations with its neighbors. The instability of Egypt over the last few years, coupled with large energy subsidy providers to Egyptians, has seen overconsumption in Egypt and has harmed its energy outlook. Both Israel and Jordan had been reliant on gas from Egypt but now that Israel has the potential to export large sums of gas that Jordan needs, this could be an opportunity for those nations to strengthen their ties. Israel’s potential could also transform its relationship with Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries as they look for regional solutions to the energy needs. Yet Israel’s natural gas boom hasn’t just affected its relationship in the middle east and north Africa region, it is also seen a promising and expanding relationship with Greece and Cyprus. The recent discovery of large hydrocarbons in the east Mediterranean has

Anglia Local News Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Anglia Local News Assignment - Essay Example (Gillan2010) Also unlike the traditional host, it is the provider who manages the service implying that the consumer only has to have a computer and internet to access the service. Another feature of cloud is that it can be private or public. A public cloud is offered (sold) to anyone via the internet whereas a private cloud refers to a proprietary network that is only provides to a limited group of individuals. Whether one goes for the private or public cloud, the goal is to render scalable computing services. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) refers to a model whereby cloud providers deliver and control Information technology resources such as storage, computation and network capacity. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) By this, cloud providers own, manage, render as well as distribute Information technology resources more effectively and conveniently to their subscribers. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) This refers to a set of software and development tools provided by a cloud vendor as a hosted infrastructure. Through this developers can be able to create applications running on the provider’s platform via the internet. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) Platform-as-a-Service providers may use AP1s, web portals as well as gateways that are installed in a client’s computer. Examples of PaaS are GoogleApps and Force.com. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) This refers to a model in which the vendor provides the hardware and software infrastructure as well as the software product that interacts with the user through a front-end portal. The range of services provided by SaaS is very broad. Examples of this include We-based Mail, database processing as well as inventory control. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) Because the applications and the data resides with the host provides it enables the services to be accessible from anywhere. Benefits of cloud services By adopting cloud computing, some of the benefits an organization would accrue as would inc lude the following: First, cloud computing saves time. This is because by an organization relying on using installed software’s to meet their needs they stand the chance of spending more time procuring, mastering and managing their programs. (Velte & Robert 2009) However a business saves time upon adopting cloud since some cloud vendors offer software as a service, hence an organization is spared the inconvenience of managing their programs. Secondly a business stands fewer chances of glitches upon cloud adoption. This is because services offered through cloud require few versions. Therefore there is less upgrades needed and it becomes easy to implement considering the fact it is the cloud providers who implement this. (Velte & Robert 2009) Also considering the fact that most businesses incur problems in integrating software with other similar applications which makes it hard to share data, cloud enables user to integrate applications such as management systems, emails and of fice applications reducing cases of productivity glitches. It has also been known that cloud promotes conservation of the environment. This is considering the fact that personal computers only utilize 10 to 20 percent of the capacity; this implies there is a large percentage in energy waste. Therefore by pooling resources in cloud based systems there is energy savings on the life extended by personal computers. Another great advantage of the cloud is increased access

Plagiarism Essay Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism Essay Essay Academic Plagiarism 1. 0 Defining academic plagiarism 2. 0 What are different types of academic plagiarism? 3. 0 Is academic plagiarism a problem for the non-native speakers only? 4. 0 What are the penalties of academic plagiarism? 5. 0 How can one avoid academic plagiarism? 6. 0 How should the culprits of academic plagiarism be punished? Academic Plagiarism 1. 0 Defining academic plagiarism The practice of stealing another person’s academic work and presenting it as your own is defined as academic plagiarism. This is a growing vice among students in our institutions of higher learning today. Most students in our local universities steal other persons’ writings or related academic materials and present such works as their original work. Academic plagiarism is when a person steals another person’s works and passes it on as his or her original work (Gibaldi, 1998). 2. 0 What are different types of academic plagiarism? There are several types of academic plagiarism. According to Loveleena Rajeev (2012), there are six types of academic plagiarism. The first is partial plagiarism. This happens when a person steals and puts together data from two or three different sources. The second is source plagiarism. This takes place when due credit is not given to the author one has gathered information from. The third is minimalistic plagiarism. This happens when one summarizes the same content using different flows. This could happen by changing the order and sentence of the original work. The fourth is source citation. This takes place when a person presents a complete source of information which lacks quotes. The fifth is mosaic plagiarism. This type of plagiarism takes place when one changes the sentence construction but not the original wording. Finally, the sixth is full-proof plagiarism. It occurs when all the sources used have citations but the entire text is a paraphrased version of the original. 3. 0 Is academic plagiarism a problem for the non-native speakers only? In my view, academic plagiarism is a problem for both the native and non- native speakers. Academic plagiarism by students is influenced by a variety of factors. Some of the factors that influence plagiarism are of human nature regardless of whether one is a native or a non-native speaker. For example laziness is recognized as a factor that may influence one to plagiarize whether they are native or non-native speakers. Another common factor among the native and non-native speakers that may influence plagiarism is lack of confidence in one’s own work. The temptation to plagiarise may occur when one has high regards of what is written by someone else. However, non-native speakers may be faced with exceptional challenges that may influence them to plagiarize. For example a non-native speaker may be faced with the challenge of correlating ideas and grammar. This may lead to plagiarism. According to Sheryl Holt (2013), non-native speakers prefer quoting their ‘masters’ as the most reliable source without critical thinking. 4. 0 What are the penalties of academic plagiarism? The penalties of academic plagiarism include suspensions and probations of the culprits from schools or institutions they are in, redoing the assignment and lowering of the students’ course grades. Attorney Standler (2010) states that anyone who plagiarizes copy righted material can be sued in federal court by the owner of the copyright. He also describes how unsympathetic the courts can be toward college students who have been disciplined for plagiarism and seek relief via lawsuit. 5. 0 How can one avoid academic plagiarism? Generally, it is the responsibility of everyone to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism should be understood as a collective responsibility among all the stakeholders meaning that it is also the responsibility of teachers to assist the students un dealing with it (Council of Writing Program Administration 2003 p. 3) . Loveleena (2003) states that plagiarism is an offensive act that leads to infraction of originality and can be avoided by using proper citation of reference on the work done and also by reading and researching widely on the topic under research. Sheryl Holt (2011) on the other hand says that there is need for a person to be a suspicious reader with a keen eye of identifying and addressing plagiarism. She advises that once plagiarism is identified, there is need to have a one on one chart on what constitute plagiarism with a culprit and provide an opportunity to the culprit to rewrite the paper. 6. 0 How should the culprits of academic plagiarism be punished? In conclusion, some of the reasons that lead students to practice plagiarism are laziness, ignorance and lack of exposure or experience on the subject under discussion. Plagiarism does not affect students only but also the institution and nation at large because it increases lack of originality among individuals. Therefore, measures on how to curb plagiarism should be taken and there should be consequences in place for culprits who are performing it. In my view, students who involve in the acts of plagiarism should redo the assignment, be suspended and in extreme cases be expelled. Authors who are involved in academic plagiarism should also be punished by having their works banned from their societies. References Council of Writing Program Administrators. (2003). Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices. Retrieved from http://www. wpacouncil. org Gibaldi, J. (1998). MLA Style manual and guide to scholarly publishing. (2nd Ed). Modern Language Association of America. Jones, L. (2011), Academic Integrity Academic Dishonesty: A Handbook about Cheating Plagiarism Florida: Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne. Loveleena Rajeev (2012). Different types of Plagiarism. Retrieved from (Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/different-types-of-plagiarism. html), Murdoch University Academic Integrity (2011), Retrieved from http://www. murdoch. edu. au/teach/plagiarism/ Ronald B Standler, (2010), Plagiarism in Colleges in USA retrieved from http://www. rbs2. com/plag. pdf. Sheryl Holt (2013), Success with Graduate and Scholarly Writing: A Guide for Non-native Writers of English.

Natural Ventilation In Buildings Engineering Essay

Natural Ventilation In Buildings Engineering Essay Proper design of energy conscious buildings requires a balance between two things: The thermal performance of the building envelope and the appropriate selection of techniques for heating, cooling and day lighting; An acceptable quality of the indoor climate in terms of thermal comfort, ventilation effectiveness or indoor air quality. Over the past years in all the western countries and more especially Europe, there has been a conscious limit of the availability of energy since the oil crisis of 1973. The main result of this crisis in term of the construction industry was therefore to reduce significantly global energy consumption, mainly used for heating and air-conditioning while neglecting its impact on the comfort and health of its occupants. During these periods, new regulations were made to regulate these, which also so the birth of real development of building research in western countries. However, these strict regulations on energy reduction in buildings was accompanied by an increasing number of disorders, mainly due to humidity condensation and the growth of mould, which affected the health of the occupants leading to SBS and building related sickness among the occupants, to overheating in the summer or in intermediate seasons, which affected the thermal comfort of the occupants and finally poor indoor air quality (IAQ) die to low air-change rates. The evolution began in the 1990s and it is now clear that energy conservation cannot be disassociated from the quality of the indoor and outdoor environment. These environmental criteria have even led to major modifications in manufacturing and technology, such as the abandonment of CFCs in HVAC. These criteria also highlight the necessity of full integration of the building site characteristics and potential in the design and this leads naturally to a focus on more integration of passive concepts on heating, cooling or more generally indoor climate conditions. (1) 1. Santamouris and Asimakopoulos, Passive Cooling of Buildings (1996) With these various aspects taken into account, natural ventilation appears to be a very attractive solution to ensure both good indoor quality and acceptable comfort conditions in many regions. Further more, natural ventilation seems to provide an answer to many complaints from users concerning mechanical ventilation, which appears to be noisy, to create health problems, to require routine maintenance and to consume energy. In contrast, natural ventilation is preferred by the occupants since it is energy efficient (no need of mechanical system), it can be easily integrated into buildings and it provides a healthier and more comfortable environment if integrated correctly. (2) Fundamentals of Natural Ventilation The magnitude and pattern of natural air movement through a building depends on the strength and direction of the natural driving forces and the resistance of the flow path. Good design involves the appropriate application of fundamental principles to the general strategies described in the following sub-sections. The driving forces for natural ventilation are wind and density difference. Wind Wind driven ventilation is caused by differences in pressures acting across the external surface of a building. The distribution of pressure depends on: the type of terrain surrounding the building (open country/city centre) and the presence of any obstructions (other buildings, tree belts etc) which provide opportunity for site layout and landscaping to enhance wind driven ventilation the wind speed and its direction relative to the building, and the shape of the building; this provides the opportunity for the architectural form and detailing to enhance the potential for wind driven ventilation. 2. Liddament, M. A Guide to Energy Efficient Ventilation. (1996) Air will flow through a building from areas of high surface pressure to areas of low pressure as shown in figure 2.5. In general terms, building surfaces facing into the wind will experience positive pressures; leeward surfaces and those parallel to the wind direction will experience negative pressures (suction) Source: Whole Building Design Guide Figure 2.1 Wind pressure field around a building Careful orientation of a building in relation to the topography of the site can maximise the potential for wind driven ventilation. This potential can be enhanced by landscaping, such as tree planting. Density differences Warm air is less dense than colder air. If two columns of air at different temperatures are separated by a boundary, there will be a difference in pressure across that boundary due to the different pressure gradients on either side. Normally, where it is warmer inside the building than outside, the pressure difference acts inwards at lower levels of the building and outwards at high level. When openings are placed in the boundary separating the two air columns, an upward air flow will be created through the building, exhausting warm air at high level and replacing it by cooler air at low level. This is known as the stack effect. These stack -driven flows rise vertically through a building, but will induce horizontal flows in spaces connected to the column of air rising. These horizontal flows replenish the warm air which is exhausted from the shaft. The shaft can take a variety of forms (see 2.3.3), but Figure 2.2 below illustrates the general principles associated with stack driven flows in an atrium. Source: Caroline Rock, Coventry University Fig. 2.2 Stack driven flows in an atrium Strategies for Natural Ventilation Wind and buoyancy, the driving forces for natural ventilation, may be used for different ventilation strategies: wind variation-induced single sided ventilation, wind pressure-driven cross ventilation and stack ventilation. Single-sided ventilation Single-sided ventilation relies on opening(s) being on only one side of the ventilated enclosure. A close approximation is a cellular building with opening windows on one side and closed internal doors on the other side. Single opening With a single ventilation opening in the room, the main driving force for natural ventilation in summer is wind turbulence. Compared with other strategies, lower ventilation rates are generated, and the ventilating air does not penetrate so far into the space Source: Dyer environmental controls Fig 2.3 Single-sided single opening ventilation Double opening Where ventilation openings are provided at different heights within the faà §ade, the ventilation rate can be enhanced by stack effect. The ventilation rate will be further enhanced by any wind pressures acting on the ventilation opening. As well as enhancing the ventilation rate, double opening increases the penetration of fresh air into the space. Effective to a depth of about 2.5 times the floor to ceiling height. Source: Dyer environmental controls Fig 2.4 Single-sided double opening ventilation Cross ventilation Cross ventilation occurs where there are ventilation openings on both sides of a space. Air flows from one side of the building to the other and leaves through for example another window or door. Cross ventilation is usually wind driven. As the air moves across an occupied space, it picks up heat and pollutants. Cross ventilation is effective up to 5 times the floor to ceiling height Source: Dyer environmental controls Fig 2.5 Cross ventilation Stack ventilation This term is used to describe those ventilation strategies where the driving forces promote an outflow from the building, thereby drawing in fresh cool air via ventilation openings at low level. The strategy makes use of the difference in density between a column of warm air and the surrounding cooler air. Because air flows into the building at low level, then up to a high level exhaust point, great care has to be taken into account when determining the different sizes of ventilation opening on each floor of the building. For equal ventilation rates, the ventilation openings at lower floors need to be smaller than those nearer to the top of the building. The effectiveness of natural ventilation can be enhanced by designing the stack outlet to be in a region of wind-induced negative pressure. The air may flow across the whole width of the building and be exhausted via a chimney, or it may flow from the edges to the middle to be exhausted via a central chimney and or atrium. e.g. Lanchester Library, Coventry University. Fig 2.6 Stack Ventilation strategy at Lanchester Library, Coventry Fig 2.7 Air exhaust via perimeter chimneys, light wells and the central atrium at Lanchester Library, Coventry Source: Pat Non, Coventry University Double Skin Faà §ade A double faà §ade construction consists of a normal concrete or glass wall combined with a glass structure outside the actual wall. Double skin facades offer several advantages. They can act as buffer zones between the internal and external environment, reducing heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer. In combination with ventilation of the space between the two facades, the passive thermal effects can be used to best advantage. Opening windows in the inner skin can draw air from the buffer zone into the building. The stack effect of thermal air currents in tall buildings offer advantages over lower buildings. Night Ventilation Night ventilation is not an additional mode of ventilation; it is simply a different operational strategy. It takes advantage of the natural diurnal variations in temperature to promote cooling. Night ventilation offers many advantages like cooling the fabric of the building at night and also ventilating during unoccupied periods

Roles and Activities of a Manager- Comparison of Theories

Roles and Activities of a Manager- Comparison of Theories Hayley Work    The main roles and activities of a manager are: Managers should run an organisation by organising structures, people and finances. Peter Drucker identified five activities of a manager, these are; Setting objectives- Robin Fraser is responsible for all production and quality assurance he aims to make processes less labour intensive and more automated. In order to achieve this, he has secured a investment from the bank and plans to use these funds to increase automation.[1] Organising- Hazim Khan analyses sales trends of different products and after assessing customer feedback in order to make sure that the company keeps with the changing market. Hazim is in charge of a team of chefs who develop new products and recipes.[2] Motivating and communicating- Hazim also demonstrates this activity, he allows his team of chefs to work independently on their ideas but regularly meets with them to discuss any problems and ideas.[3] Measuring- Laura Bolton is focused on the companys finances and keeps an eye on the cash flow of the business. [4] Developing- Kathryn Hannah encourages staff to undertake training in order the ensure that staff have all the skills that the business requires.[5] Henry Mintzberg identified ten management roles which are then divided up into three categories. Category Roles Manager Interpersonal Figurehead Leader Liaison David Fraser Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Kathryn Hannah Laura Bolton Hazim Khan Decisional Entrepreneur Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator Robin Fraser Hazim Khan Measuring managerial effectiveness Fraser Foods can measure managerial effectiveness by motivation and morale of the staff, this would be put to good use in the shop floor. Here the work is repetitive and can be challenging due to the temperatures needed to produce hygienic food. The teams are set targets but have the freedom to decide how they will achieve this, working this way has increased staff morale and flexibility. [6] Another way to measure managerial effectiveness would be by the level of complaints. Fraser Foods could distribute anonymous feedback forms asking questions about how the staff feel about the manager and why. The company would then be able to grasp how well the manager is performing. Behavioural theory of leadership. Macgregors Theory X and Theory Y both assume the behaviours of different management styles. A Theory X manager assumes that staff dislikes work, need directed, avoid any responsibility, dull, uncreative, have no desire, see money as the only motivation for work and view goals and objectives as caging. [7] David Fraser could be described as a Theory X manager, David also felt it was his role to make all the decisions affecting production. He didnt see the need to involve staff and believed they preferred to be told what to do and didnt want the responsibility that was the managers job, not theirs. He believed staff were motivated by money and should be paid bonuses if targets were exceeded[8] Contingency theory of leadership A contingency theory is based on the belief that there is no style of leadership that is applicable to all situations that may arise within a company. Hersey and Blanchards theory was based on the leader adopting an appropriate style of leadership depending on the members in the team and the situation they have found themselves in. In accordance with their theory a leader can adopt one of four styles depending on how much support the team requires and the amount of direction.[9] The four styles (known as S1-S4) are: Telling- This leadership style is categorised as giving a lot of direction to team members. This style is recommended for use when dealing with new staff or where the work can be tedious and repetitive. Selling- This is sometimes known as the coaching approach. It is used when team members are motivated to carry out the work but dont quite have the needed maturity to complete the task. Participating- This style encompasses high support but hardly any direction, it is used when team members are able to do the tasks required but maybe lack the confidence. Delegating- The responsibility for carrying out the task is given to team members, this style requires high levels of maturity and competence. David Fraser mostly adopts the telling style (S1) as he felt it was his role as the boss to make all decisions. Hazim Khan style of leadership fits into S2-S4 he does this by allowing his team of chefs to use their talents to create new products for the company. He regularly meets with his team of chefs to discuss and help to solve any issues that have arisen. Theories of leadership and the proposed expansion plans Bennis and Nanus state that there is no one right way to being a leader, but that each has to find their own style. They did however, identify common characteristics: A visions to focus minds Communicating the vision Consistency and honesty Awareness of weakness Bennis and Nanus also state that effective leadership can move organisations from current to future state, create visions of potential opportunities for organisations.[10] The managers of Fraser Foods must ensure that they effectively and clearly communicate to the staff, the vision that they have for the company such as reducing their heavy reliance on the supplier, Perkins. [11]Robin must also effectively communicate his vision for increasing automation as the staff feel anxious about the impact this will have on their jobs. He must also be honest with the staff in order to ease their worries and make them feel involved in the process. [12] Bibliography   Case study paragraph 24 2 Case study paragraph 13 3 Case study paragraph 13 4 Case study paragraph 14 5 Case study paragraph 15 6 Case study paragraph 16 7 Student notes 8 Case study paragraph 12 9 Student notes 10 Student notes 11 Case study paragraph 18 12 Case study paragraph 24 [1] Case study paragraph 24 [2] Case study paragraph 13 [3] Case study paragraph 13 [4] Case study paragraph 14 [5] Case study paragraph 15 [6] Case study paragraph 16 [7] Student notes [8] Case study paragraph 12 [9] Student notes [10] Student notes [11] Case study paragraph 18 [12] Case study paragraph 24

My Perspective on the Future of Education Essay -- essays papers

My Perspective on the Future of Education The future in education is very interesting as well as vital to me since I plan to be a teacher in the future. Many changes will be made before I enter the field of teaching. Most all of these changes will be positive and will help me to become a better teacher. The future of education will be changed completely with the help of new technology. Already education has changed thanks to technology. We now see computers in every class. In the future most classes will be totally taught through computers. New programs and software will be available that are interactive with the students as well as informative. Having classes through the internet will open up a large diversity of classes to choose since the whole world will have their classes available online. So students will be exposed to new areas of learning they may have once not had a chance to experience. However since the Web will be teaching the students what will the teachers do? Actually teachers will actually have the time to play the role they always pictured themselves...

Shakedown :: essays research papers

Worry over security played a big role in the presidential campaign -- and plays it still. For persisting in of D.C. is the naive if popular opinion that government is "on our side" -- that it is an impartial protector even seeing to it that we shall not want. Sure. In "Shakedownà ¾" Robert A. Levy, a senior fellow in constitutional studies at the Cato Institute, says su opinion leaks. Our Framers were far above such leakiness. Thus did their constitutional checks and balan to stem abuse of power. They knew that Brutus still lurks about, that as Thomas Jefferson noted in 1788, natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to gain ground." That gain is tracked by the author. He sees Washington, D.C.'s leading industry as not tourism but spe interests milking a giant, most cooperative cash cow, with consumers and taxpayers getting hit by many "baseless lawsuits." Apart from antitrust, the extortion lobby works three routes: one, through victimizing smokers and a b socked tobacco industry; two, through anti-gun advocates circumventing the Second Amendment and sta legislatures by suing in court and in the process victimizing gun manufacturers and potential gun owners three, through seductive tort liability and antitrust systems hobbling our economy via perverse "regulatio through litigation." Mr. Levy titles part one of his two-part book "Tort Law as Litigation Tyranny" and part two "Antitrust Corporate Welfare for Market Losers." This libertarian pulls no punches. But what about the rising tide of tort cases that push up, among other things, medical malpractice insu premiums to six-figure heights and force many doctors, such as gynecologists and obstreticians, out of bu Up go the costs of of office and hospital visits, hurting many family budgets. The author supplies a neat reply. As a federalist as well as a libertarian, he believes in states' rights, in Amendment: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to t States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." He adds, "There is no constitutional right to health care." He sees state medical malpractice reform as ubiquitous. He cites more than three dozen states with damage caps, with all 50 states passing or conside some kind of malpractice reform. Mr. Levy decries the fact that many congressional Republicans as well as liberal Democrats milk an ex lobby. The author would invoke the 14th Amendment to check state tort laws which deny both procedura Page 1 of 2 Washington's extortion lobby -- The Washington Times 2/22/2005 http://www.washingtontimes.com/functions/print.php?StoryID=20050219-110442-5649r substantive protection against quasi-criminal punishment.

Legal Implicaiotn of human resource management Essay

A union is an organization of workers, acting collectively, seeking to promote and protect its mutual interests through collective bargaining. However, before we can examine the activities surrounding the collective bargaining process, it is important to understand the laws that govern the labor-management process, what unions are and how employees unionize. Although the current percentage of the workforce that is unionized has declined steadily, there are still many employees who feel that the workforce is primed for a positive response by employees to a new effort in organizing. The main reasons for union organizing are: higher wages and benefits, greater job security, influence over work rules, compulsory membership and being upset with management. Among various reasons why employees join a union, we see one common factor: management, specially the first-line supervisor. If employees are upset with the way their supervisor handles problems, upset over how a coworker has been disciplines, and so on, they are likely to seek help from a union. In fact, it is reasonable to believe that when employees vote to unionize, it’s often a vote against their immediate supervisor rather than a vote in support of particular union. CASE: In the provided case, the employees are upset with company since employer rolled out its plan to organize employees into teams, change job titles, work assignments and the pay structure. Beside that employees were told â€Å"this is how it will be. † I am working as the top HR Manager and have to deal with this situation. First of all I would learn some basic legal implications of union organizing. The legal framework for labor-management relationships has played a crucial role in its development. There are two important laws that have shaped much of the labor relations process. Wagner Act: Also knows as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, this act gave employees that right to form and join unions and to engage in collective bargaining. The Wagner Act is cited a shifting the pendulum of power to favor unions for the first time in U. S labor history. This was achieved, in part, through the establishment of National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). The Wager Act provided the legal recognition of unions as legitimate interest groups in American society, but many employers opposed its purposes. Some employers, too, failed to live up to the requirements of its provisions. Thus, the belief that the balance of power had swung too far to labor’s side, and the public outcry stemming from post-World War II strikes, led to passage of the Taft-Hartley Act (Labor- Management Relations Act) in 1947. The Taft-Hartley Act: Amended the Wagner Act by addressing employers’ concerns in terms of specifying unfair union labor practices. Realizing that unions and employers might not reach agreement and that work stoppages might occur, Taft-Hartley also created the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) as an independent agency separate from the Department of Labor. FMCS is a government agency that assists Labor and management in settling disputes. The Wagner and Taft-Hartley Acts were the most important laws influencing labor-management relationships in the United States, but there are other laws that influence the labor organizing. Specifically, these are the Railway Labor Act; the Land rum Griffin Act; Executive Orders 10988 and 11491; the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970; and the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (discussed in previous module) is as relevant to labor organizations as it is to management. Title VII of the act is focused on this subject. In the provided case, it seems like there is already union getting into shape. The labor laws do permit us as HR Manager to defend ourselves against the union campaign, but we must do it properly. I would follow the following guidelines of what to do and what not to do during the organizing drive. * If your employees ask for your opinion on unionization (as my supervisor is asking me this question), should respond in a natural manner. For example, â€Å"I really have no position on the issue. Do what you think is best. * You can prohibit union-organizing activates in your workplace during work hours only if they interfere with work operation. This may apply to the organization’s e-mail, too. * You can prohibit outside union organizers from distributing union information in the workplace. * Employees have the right to distribute union information to other employees during breaks and lunch periods. * Don’t question employees publicly or privately about union-organizing activities- for example, â€Å"Are you planning to go to that union rally this weekend? but if an employee freely tells you about the activities, you may listen. * Don’t spy on employees’ union activities, for example, by standing in the cafeteria to see who is distributing pro-union literature. * Don’t make any threats or promises related to the possibility of unionization. For example, â€Å"If this union effort succeeds, upper management is seriously thinking about closing down this plant, but if it’s defeated, they may push through an immediate wage increase. * Don’t discriminate against any employee who is involved in the unionization effort. Be on eh lookout for efforts by the union to coerce employees to join its ranks. This activity by unions is an unfair labor practice. If you see this occurring, report to your boss or to HR. Company might slow want to consider filing a complaint against the union with NLRB. Keeping all the above points checked, I will also keep in mind that union organizing drives may or may not be successful, but when they do achieve their goal to become the exclusive bargaining age, the next step is to negotiate the contract or demands. Now, I’ll get myself ready along with my first line supervisors, for the next expected step: collective bargaining. This typically refers to the negotiation, administration, and interpretation of a written agreement between two parties that covers a specific period of time. This agreement, or contract, lays out in specific terms the conditions of employment that is, what is expected of employees and any limits to management’s authority. Although collective bargaining is mostly used in public sectors, however it is also common in private sector. My employees are upset because of three months old change; based on my supervisor’s comments I assume that union has been certified; I might come up with a new set of interpretation of this change between my management and employees. I will make sure that my management and the union must negotiate in good faith over these issues. I would follow the following collective bargaining process outline in order to resolve these issues: Preparing to Negotiate: Once a union has been certified as the bargaining unit, both union and management begin the ongoing activity of preparing for negotiations. We can consider the preparation for negotiation as composed of three activities: fact gathering, goal setting, and strategy development. Information is acquired from both internal and external sources. With all the collection of this background information in hand, and tentative goals established both union and management must put together the most difficult part of the bargaining preparation activities, a strategy for negotiations. This includes assessing the other side’s power and specific tactics. Negotiating at the Bargaining Table: Negotiation customarily begins with the union delivering to management a list of â€Å"demands. † By presenting many demands, the union creates significant room for trading in later stages of the negotiation; it also disguises the union’s real position, leaving management to determine which demands are adamantly sought, which are moderately sought, and which the union is prepared to quickly abandon. Real negotiations typically go on behind closed doors, each party tries to assess the relative priorities of the other’s demands, and each begins to combine proposals into viable packages. Next comes the attempt to make management’s highest offer approximate the lowest demands that the union is willing to accept. Contract Administration: Once a contract is agreed upon and ratified, it must be administered. Contract administration involves four stages: (1) dissemination the agreements to all union members and mangers; (2) implementing the contract: (3) interpreting the contract and grievance resolution: and (4) monitoring activities during the contract period. Providing information to all concerned requires both parties to ensure that changes in contract language are spelled out. The stage of contract administration is ensuring that the agreement is implemented. All communicated changes now take effect, and both sides are expected to comply with the contract terms. The most important element of contract administration relates to spelling out a procedure for handling contractual disputes. These contracts have provisions for resolving specific, formally initiated grievances by employees concerning dissatisfaction with job-related issues. As an HR Manager for a company with 1500 employees, who are quite upset with our management and are unionizing, I have tried to come up with a plan to resolve this issue. First of all, I gathered the legal data in this respect, I proposed some guidelines to avoid unionizing and last, I have discussed the plan in detail to resolve the issue in provided case. I would like to comment that although historically, the relationship between labor and management was built on conflict and the nterests of labor and management were seen as basically at odds-each treating the other as the opposition. But times have somewhat changes. Management has become increasingly aware that successful efforts to increase productivity, improve quality, and lower costs require employee involvement and commitment. Similarly, some labor unions have recognized that they can help their members more by cooperating with management rather than fighting them which is quite positive for both management and employees.

Consider the development Essay

The word sonnet is the English translation of the Italian word sonetto, a ‘little sound’ or ‘song’. A sonnet is a poem consisting of fourteen lines, ten syllables in English and Italian and generally twelve in French. There are three basic sonnet forms, the Petrarchan, which is an eight lined and a six lined (octave and sestet) sonnet with no rhyming couplet; the Spenserian, consisting of three quatrains and a couplet; finally the Shakespearian, consisting of three quatrains (four lines) and a couplet. There are different styles of sonnets all over the world. For example, France has its own unique structure that their sonneteers write in and the same with other countries. With all these different countries having different styles of writing that also means there are also different rhyming schemes. Reading sonnets is a great way of learning about different cultural aspects of life; for example during the seventeenth century the central theme of most sonnets was religion. During this time it gave people a great opportunity to learn about many different religions. The use of enjambment occurs in many sonnets. Enjambment is the running on of the thought from one line, couplet, or stanza to the next without a syntactical break The first sonneteer was Italian, his name was Francesco Petrarch. He was famous for a collection of Italian lyrics which include a long series of love poems. Petrarch wrote his poems about a lady called Laura, whom he met in a church. Laura became the central theme of his poetry. In total Petrarch wrote three hundred and sixty five sonnets. Petrarch’s poems were meant to convey his love and devotion to the love of his life Laura. Sonnets moved to England in the sixteenth century. The seventeenth century saw the theme of sonnets change from love to religion. Donne is a good example of a sonneteer of religion. For two-hundred years a minute amount of sonnets were written. This was because they fell out of fashion. However during the nineteenth century sonneteers began to write about the theme of the natural world. William Wordsworth wrote poems such as ‘Composed upon Westminster Bridge. ‘ War poetry became popular during the time of 1914-1918. This was because The First World War was happening at the time. War was on everybody’s mind. The Poetry was read to the soldiers going off to war to motivate and encourage the soldiers to fight for their families and country. The poem ‘Shall I Compare Thee’ written by William Shakespeare is about an unknown woman that Shakespeare compares to a summer’s day as summer is a picturesque time of year. The poem is written in the Shakespearian form. In the second line Shakespeare writes ‘Thou art more lovely and more temperate’ This quotation informs the reader that although she cannot be compared to a summer’s day as she is more than the beauty of summer. Shakespeare writes ‘Rough winds do shake the darling buds of Mai,’ this quotation is about the winds of summer; Shakespeare describes them as a type of rage. The woman could never be like summer as she is kind and caring. At the conclusion of the poem, (the rhyming couplet) Shakespeare writes ‘So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ‘ This quotation informs the reader that she may die. However she will stay alive through the poem. The poem ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge’ written in 1802 by William Wordsworth is about Wordsworth love of natural world and the city of London. The first line of the sonnet reads ‘Earth has not anything to show more fair. ‘ In this quotation Wordsworth is sitting on Westminster Bridge looking across the beautiful city of London and is besotted with the picturesque view and feels the world has nothing to compare to it. William Wordsworth writes ‘All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. ‘ This quotation informs the reader of the beautiful sunrise and how it glitters across the city. Wordsworth writes ‘The river glideth at his own sweet will. ‘ This quotation means that the Thames has many bends on its path through the city of London and has not got a straight journey like other rivers. Wordsworth metaphorically states that the river glides freely. This sonnet is very popular and was voted 24th most popular poem in 1998. The mood of the sonnet is uplifting. The poem ‘Death be not proud’ written by John Donne is about Donne’s personal interpretation of death. John Donne does not fear death; he does not see it as a bad aspect in life. Donne writes ‘Death, be not proud, though some have called thee mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so. ‘ This quotation informs the reader that some people may find death an awful, petrifying experience; however it is not, death is a new beginning. Donne writes ‘Thou’rt slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men, and dost with poison, war and sickness dwell. ‘ This quotation informs the reader that in life bad things will happen such as diseases and devastation. The mood of this poem is low key and dark. Donne writes ‘One short sleep past, we wake eternally. ‘ This quotation informs the reader that after death our souls go to heaven and we awake eternally. John Donne was born in 1572 and died in 1631 at the age of 59. During Donne’s lifetime this would have been considered an old age to die. There was a short life expectancy during this period because of all the disease and drug taking. The poem ‘Peace’ written by Rupert Brooke is a war poem and it appealed to readers in the First World War as it informs them why their loved ones died in battle. Brooke was a very popular sonneteer as his poems would get the soldiers pumped up and ready for the gruesome activity that is war. Brooke encouraged people to be patriotic, to fight for their country and beliefs. Brook writes ‘Leave the sick hearts that honour could move. ‘ This quotation conveys the fact that there are masses of casualties in a war just as there were in World War One. The sonnet ‘The Vanity of his Passion’ written by Petrarch is addressed to his love, Laura. However he feels unreciprocated love. This could be for two reasons. Laura only exists in his mind or she is out of his league and could never fall in love with him. The sonnet is written in the first person; this is because Petrarch is expressing his love to Laura (There is a direct address to the lady). Petrarch uses many abstract nouns in his writing; he uses two in the title, vanity and passion. The reason for Petrarch using several abstract nouns is that it reflects the abstract nature of his love. Petrarch writes ‘Throughout my song, by hopes and vain grief’s bed;’ this quotation means that Petrarch recognises that he was vain ever to believe that she might ever love him. When Petrarch was younger he thought he was in love; he now realises what it means to be ‘in passion drowned;’ Petrarch writes ‘That worldly pleasure is a passing dream. ‘ This quotation informs that the love is short and can’t last. His love is like a dream. The mood of the poem is very desolate as Petrarch wants something he is unable to achieve. In conclusion the central sonnet theme has not changed in hundreds of years, many are still written today. As time has progressed different forms have been introduced such as the Spenserian and the Shakespearian. My favourite sonnet is ‘Shall I compare thee’ because Shakespeare uses many descriptive language associated with summer and his mysterious woman, this shows the depth of his love for her.

Poetry – Love in Vain

When I first laid my eyes on her, I thought I May never see again: she emitted Such a blinding light from her appearance A mastermind criminal she was to Steal the stars and trap them in her eyes which Left the earth in a starless blanket. A glance towards her would leave memories Worth remembering forgotten I was Swallowed by her heavenly features which With ease would take you. The red painted sky At sunset was reflected in her cheeks And the crimson of rage locked in her lips. She was the food on my plate and the drink In my glass, the water in the lake and The pump of my blood. She was the scent of A flower, the fire in a furnace, the Glow of a light, the words in a poem She was everything and all revolved Around her. Lavishly sweet was the taste On her lips, which only a touch will leave You dazzled and the stress which you once had Would diffuse into nothing. Just with a wink In our sight, she'll have anything she wants For you'll be pampering to her needs. It is better to say ‘stay away from Such devils' you would give them your life and They'll leave you lifeless; you'd make them happy But experience it? No you will not. They'll strip you of your wealth; to think you were In love would be the notion of a fool. Hell would upsurge if you deprive her of A single thing; such creations of God, Beautiful in stature, should not have hearts Of fiery temper like a volcano. Unless you obliterate her from your Mind from the first sight, you'll be ensnared. Censor her from your mind and you'll be free. Generous was god, when he let me be Free from this trap, like a fly from a web. And now I am free as a bird in the sky, And like the bird I watch below at those That fall into the similar hole to Me but to deep for them to climb back out. Those sorrowful memories play in my Head, but the pleasurable time I will Never forget. But was my love in vain? Or was it her playing me with her games? I find it hard to believe that I was Merely a pawn in the grasp of such a Woman, but was she ever a woman?

Inner Reflections Essay

As a person looks back at their life, a common concern is the legacy they leave in this world. Most people posses an earnest desire to make a difference in the world. Before any contribution can be made, be it great or small, it is important to understand one’s own worldview. After constructing a coherent framework about the â€Å"basic makeup of this world† (James 16), it is possible to build on this foundation to create new ideas. In his work The Human Good, Thomas Aquinas is able to share his views on this world and thereby make valuable theological contributions to this world. Aquinas was born in Roccasecca, a town in southern Rome, and lived from 1225 to 1274 (Aquinas 145). Prominent thoughts during this medieval era included those of Augustine and Aristotle. Born into this critical time, Aquinas attempts to â€Å"reconcile the teachings of . . . Aristotle with Christian doctrine or Reason with Faith† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas is renowned as the â€Å"greatest theologian of the medieval Catholic church† and a â€Å"representative of scholasticism† (Aquinas 145). As the son of a nobleman, he was educated at the University of Naples and became a member of the Dominican Order of Preachers. After finishing his education, Aquinas spent most of his life â€Å"teaching at Dominican study houses and universities in France and Italy† (Aquinas 145). In The Human Good, Aquinas reveals his views on what a human being is, and how humans know what is right and wrong. Although these are two separate questions, examining the nature of a human being leads to examining how they are able to know what is good. In light of the first question, Aquinas uses passages from the Psalms to answer, â€Å"God . . . from the abundance of his perfection, grants being to all existing things† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas describes humans as created beings that â€Å"have intelligence and bear his likeness and represent his image† (Aquinas 146). Along with being created in God’s image, Aquinas also implies humans have a personal relationship with their creator when he says, â€Å"God will not forget his people† (Aquinas 147). Finally, Aquinas states that intelligent creatures have free will, or are capable of directing their own actions. Since humans can deviate away from God’s will, Aquinas also refers to humans as â€Å"corruptible beings† (Aquinas 147). This by no means implies that humans have equality with God. Despite the fact that humans can direct their own actions, they are still under the rule of the first creator. Aquinas puts a lot of effort into justifying why humans and all other created objects do, in fact, act towards an end. Although this may seem like an obvious principle, Aquinas views it as a fundamental issue, which must be proved. This issue is important because, an ordered universe acting towards an end implies it was â€Å"voluntarily produced by an agent† (Aquinas 146). In order to prove that all things do tend towards an end, Aquinas says that if agents did not tend toward any particular end, actions would extend to infinity. Philosophically, this is not possible because this requires â€Å"an infinity of antecedents† (Aquinas 148). Since this world, including humans, are finite; an infinity of actions is not possible. This proves that â€Å"there must be something which, when had, brings the activity of the agent to rest† (Aquinas 148). After this fact is established, another premise regarding humans can be added. Humans, as intelligent beings, act by â€Å"preconceiving that which they pursue by their actions† (Aquinas 148). This is unlike natural agents, which have no concept of the end they are approaching. This implies that by knowing or having the ability to aim for an end, humans can change their end. Author Jean Porter comments that the human will, â€Å"unlike animal impulses, is never oriented by natural necessity toward any particular finite good† (Porter 71). Since humans do not have a set path to follow to their end, a big portion of a person’s life is spent in trying to determine their own end. Next, Aquinas goes on to prove that regardless of what end humans chose, it is for the sake of good. First of all, since humans tend toward some end, its logical to say that this end, whatever it may be, is towards something that is beneficial. From what can be observed, intelligent agents will flee â€Å"anything they apprehend as evil† (Aquinas 150), and to flee evil is to seek good. In other words, all humans seek to perfect themselves, or seek happiness by improving. Stating that every human acts for the sake of good may seem useless when considering that the definition of goodness is defined by the individual. Aquinas himself gives examples of goods around which people structure their lives: â€Å"riches, honor, physical pleasure, and so on† (Porter 77). However, establishing that every human being tends toward what is good provides more room to proceed. The next task would be to acquire a â€Å"correct concept of the human good† (Porter 72). Once there exists an ultimate good, there also exists a standard by which a human can tell if he or she is are headed towards the good end. The existence of many ideas of human goodness among a group of people does not disprove the fact that there may be one ultimate good. Even if an individual has a mistaken notion of what is good, he or she will change their notion if they realize his or her mistake. Therefore, if an ultimate good were to exist, all agents would seek this end if they had the knowledge. Finally, Aquinas reasons that â€Å"to understand the most perfect intelligible object, which is God, is the most perfect of acts of understanding† (Aquinas 151). Aquinas also states that it is the natural desire of men to know the first cause. God is the first cause of all, so knowing God must be the ultimate end of all understanding. Now that there exists an ultimate good, this â€Å"theory of goodness provides a foundation for a theory of morality† (Porter 68), by which it is possible to know what is right and what is wrong. Consequently, although humans may establish and follow different ends seeking good, the ultimate ideal of good is found in knowing God. Aquinas’ approach to answer theological questions has some questionable aspects. Like most ideals, one wonders how realistic it is to seek the ultimate good in every aspect. According to Aquinas, only by knowing God do humans have a standard by which they can know what is right and wrong. It can be agreed upon that even an ignorant individual’s ultimate end is knowing God. However, until such knowledge is acquired, the true standard is arbitrary and the individual has a flawed concept of right and wrong. Therefore the harder the ideal end is to acquire, the more people have skewed view on morality. This suggests that for many, morals are relative, which is somewhat naturalistic. Since, Aquinas’ views are theistic both views cannot coexist within the same theory. Therefore, Aquinas’ views on morality depend upon the feasibility of achieving the ideal. Another aspect of Aquinas’ methods that receives much criticism is his eager acceptance of Aristotelian ideas â€Å"without criticism from biblical revelation† (Hoffecker 110). Although commendable, the attempt to prove spiritual matters such as the existence of God using human logic alone seems a bit ambitious. Aquinas is criticized for looking â€Å"too hastily elsewhere, outside the biblical revelation . . . [to] support the Christian faith† (Hoffecker 110). Straying so far away from divine revelation and relying so heavily on reason endangers the importance of faith. Positively, with the knowledge of such dangers, moderate uses of Aquinas’ methods can result in powerful tools for the Christian faith. This is the reason for praising Aquinas as â€Å"the greatest theologian of the medieval Catholic Church† (Aquinas 145). Aquinas’ contributions in theology and philosophy revolutionized Christian thought. His work combines Aristotelian logic with theology producing a revolutionary line of thought known as â€Å"Thomism† (Aquinas 145). Although not mentioned in The Human Good, earlier works by Aquinas use similar methods of logic to prove the existence of God. Aquinas’ ideas on morality and man made them more compatible for people with non-Christian worldviews. Even though venturing so far away from divine revelation may be risky, his work helped introduce more people to Christianity. The popularity of Aquinas may have caused the rise of applying reason in more areas such as religion in the western world. The logical, cause-and-effect mindset of the western world may be attributed partly to this newly sparked popularity of Aristotelian thought. Being able to justify the one’s position using logic is also useful when defending the Christian faith. Although a complicated work of theology, Aquinas was able to reflect his fundamental views on man and morality though The Human Good. He left a lasting legacy by gaining a wide audience with whom to share his ideas. Some leave legacies by their memorable actions or character. Others construct revolutionary ideas and alter the course of public thought forever. Whichever method is used, the worldview of the person shapes their actions and their thoughts. Works Cited Aquinas, Thomas. â€Å"The Human Good.† The Western World. Ed. Mark Kishlansky. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002. 145-155. Hoffecker, Andrew. â€Å"Medieval Scholasticism: The Thomistic Synthesis†. Building a Christian World View. Ed. Andrew Hoffecker. Phillipsburg: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1986. 97-113. James, sire. Universe Next Door. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1996. Porter, Jean. The Recovery of Virtue. Louisville: John Knox Press, 1990.

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art Term Paper

Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art - Term Paper Example The paper "Comparison of two works in Museum of Modern Art" compares Fernand Leger’s "Woman With a Book" with Meret Oppenheim’s "Red Head, Blue Body". Painters use the techniques they employ in their paintings and the features of the society they portray in the same. The discussion below therefore analyses features of two paintings developed in different times with the painters employing particular techniques in ensuring the efficacy of the artifacts. Woman With a Book painted by Fernand Leger in 1923 and Red Head, Blue Body painted by Meret Oppenheim in 1936 have fundamental differences and similarities that help portray the social, cultural and technological development in the art within the decade that separates them as the discussion below portrays. Just as the name suggests, Woman With a Book, is an artistic oil on canvas painting of a woman holding a book. The painting depicts the painter’s artistic intuition and urge to create a new style in painting there by debuting the mechanical age. In the painting, Fernand Leger portrays his artistic skills as he employs particular elements in developing the painting. He employs such elements as appropriate shapes and colors thereby developing effective foreground, middle ground and background in his artifacts. These enhance his communication as he envisioned the final artifact. The choice to use oil on canvas is appropriate, as it has contributed to the longevity of the painting in the museum. Oil on canvas was a major discovery in the early years of art.

The Outsourcing of Information Technology Jobs Research Paper

The Outsourcing of Information Technology Jobs - Research Paper Example This paper discusses various aspects of IT outsourcing phenomenon and the reasons as to why firms outsource. According to reports by Gartner, the worldwide IT services outsourcing market is currently worth about 50 billion USD with the ITES and BPO market being worth about 130 billion USD (Pettey, 2009). The economic recession has had a downward pressure on the outsourcing market. In 2008, India with its leading companies such as Accenture, Infosys, Wipro, TCS and many other had a 63% market share of the IT outsourcing market. This is a decrease from the 70% market share it enjoyed in 2007 when India was the preferred destination and now other countries such as Eastern European regions, China, Taiwan and South Africa have entered the market. This is a reduction from the 2004 figures that placed the IT outsourcing market at 163 billion USD (McCue, 2005). Clearly, the market has been worsted by the economic recession, failure of large banks and insurance companies, failure of large automobile manufacturers and many other firms. Outsourcing has been around since a few decades and the best examples were outsourcing of food and catering business, janitorial services, housekeeping work and so on. This was actually also called as ‘in sourcing’ since outside companies and vendors came to work inside a firm. The outsourcing and in sourcing phenomenon has been regarded as one of the forces that flattened the world. Among the 10 flattening forces, Friedman has listed five forces that can be regarded as leading to outsourcing. The forces are: 4th force Open-Sourcing; 5th force Outsourcing; 6th force Offshoring; 7th force Supply-Chaining and 8th force Insourcing (Friedman, 2005). The world firs realized the benefits of outsourcing when Kodak outsourced its whole IT department to IBM for 6 billion USD. Up till then, IT outsourcing was only done for data entry work, electronic transcription of hard

Interview in Cyberlaw Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview in Cyberlaw - Assignment Example Adult 2: Am not happy with such sites since they do give some private information about a person which can sometimes create scandals in their lives. Also, one cannot control the information such sites are giving unless by use of law and this may cost one a lot of money and time. Adult 1: Yes the Federal Government should implement laws dealing on the way companies use ones personal information. For example, it should limit the company’s rights on posting their employee’s credit card information, family members’ information as well as social security number. Adult 2: The federal government should implement such laws as by doing so companies will have to consult their employees before posting some personal information. For instance, the government should include that a company should not to post any personal information regarding an employee’s financial status. Adult 2: I think the company should be the one held responsible. Let’s say the information given about any person contradicts the law, the organisation posting the information is the one that should be held responsible and not the individual. This should serve as a way of restricting the information that companies post concerning their employees. I would advice employees to be very careful when giving their personal information to the employer as they can find the information at any time in the